Cambodia and Thailand have embarked on a United Nations-supported conciliation process aimed at resolving their longstanding maritime boundary dispute in the Gulf of Thailand. This initiative is conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). During the inaugural meeting, the foreign ministers of both Southeast Asian nations delivered opening statements to mark the start of discussions.
The core of Cambodia’s proposal is the establishment of a single maritime boundary with Thailand. Alternatively, Phnom Penh has suggested a joint development arrangement that would allow both countries to share resources in the contested waters. Meanwhile, Thailand has indicated that it wants the discussions to focus solely on the delimitation of maritime boundaries, affirming its commitment to participating in the process with sincerity. Previously, Bangkok had advocated for addressing the issue through direct bilateral negotiations.
The dispute encompasses approximately 26,000 square kilometers of waters that are believed to be rich in natural gas and oil reserves, adding significant economic stakes to the issue. For over 25 years, the two countries have been at odds over these waters. In 2001, an agreement was reached to provide a framework for joint resource development in the disputed area. However, Thailand withdrew from this arrangement in May, following heightened tensions linked to lethal border conflicts between the two nations.
Cambodia took the step to initiate the compulsory UNCLOS conciliation process in June, seeking a resolution to the protracted dispute. The independent panel involved in this process is tasked with issuing recommendations. Although their findings are not legally binding, they aim to provide a pathway for both countries to reach an amicable agreement.